People in most primitive times had some understanding of mathematics – they could distinguish between ‘more’ and ‘less’ when some objects were added to or taken from a small group of objects. With the gradual evolution of society simple counting became especially necessary. A tribe had to know how many members it had or how many enemies it had to fight. A man, for example, had to know how many sheep he had in his flock. Probably the earliest way of counting was by some simple method, using the principle of one-to-one correspondence. Complimentary was given to those who could count sheep using his fingers, pebbles, scratches on a stone or knots in a string. They might also organize a ceremony of getting a special certificate if they could know about this phenomenon. All mathematicians, old or modern contributed greatly to the development of mathematics. Great critics say that the beautiful lines of a statue or other architectural pieces show the action of the most exact mathematics. For instance, Archimedes was the greatest mathematician of antiquity. He was born in the Greek city of Syracuse on the island of Sicily about 287 B.C. There are many stories about this amazing man. One of them refers to the fact, that once when Archimedes was taking a bath, he discovered a phenomenon which later became known in the theory of hydrostatics as Archimedes’ principle. He was asked to determine the composition of the golden crown of the King of Syracuse, who thought that the goldsmith had mixed base metal with the gold. Comparing the weight of pure gold with that of the crown when it was immersed in water and when not immersed, he solved the problem. My brother knows lots of stories about great mathematicians. He has even got the fundamental book “Elements” by Euclid, one of the greatest mathematicians of Egypt, that is still used in Britain as a textbook on geometry. He has certificates for participation in the mathematical contests between states.